CHAPTER 9

Indian Norms and Diagnostic Indicators of Rorschach and SIS:

Table 2

Rorschach Profile/Indices of Normal Groups

Indices |Kumar

(n=200)MF

Adults,1959|Prabhu

(n=140)MF

Adults,1967|Asthana

(n- 450)MF

Adults,1971 |D’Netto

(n=100)Male

Army, 1974|Dubey

(n=100)Male

Army, 1978|Jain & Kumar

(n=113)MF,Beck,

6-11 Yrs, 2005|

R|22.10|28.00|33.00|16.00|13.76|20.95|

W|29.46%|27.00%|9.33%|15.00%|40.20%|12.99%|

nD|57.80%|51.00%|16.97%|51.00%|48.62%|76.57%|

D| NR|13.00%|NR|25.00%|8.42%|NR|

Dd| 6.21%| 9.00%|6.70%|9.00%| 0.03|9.99%|

S| 0.43%| NR|1.61%| NR | 0.14|1.37%|

F| NR|11.20|20.17|42.00%| 4.33 |NR|

M|1.00| 3.70| 3.83|12.00%| 1.34|6.34%|

FM|1.80| 2.10| NR|15.00%| 5.27|NR|

M| NR| 0.30| NR|2.00%| 0.33|NR|

FC| NR| 3.70| 3.08|12.0%| 0..57|1.86%|

CF| NR| 0.90| 1.61| 2.5%| 0.34|2.19%|

Fc| NR| 0.40|NR| 3.4%| 0.52|NR|

FK| NR| 2.90|NR| 4.7%| 0.32|3.32%(V)|

H|12.00%|17.00%| 2.60|NR|9.66%|15.67%|

A|38.70%|24.00%| 6.18|NR|54.57%|NR|

Ad| NR|09.00%|NR|NR|0.54|NR|

At|11.00|NR| 2.34|NR|0.59|4.98%|

F+%|82.00|NR|83.14|NR|79.00|54.75|

A%|38.70|NR|36.98|NR| 58.50|51.31|

Rejection| 0.16%|29.00%|NR| 34.00%|16.00%|1.31%|

*Most of the norms on Klopfer’s Method (which is not specified), otherwise Beck and Exner method where specified

*1. Percentage is shown in parenthesis, 2. Jain and Kumar (2005) all indices except the Total Responses were converted into percent scores by taking Total Number of Responses as denominator for each indices.

Table 3

Rorschach Profile/Indices of Normal Groups

Indices |Chaudhury et al

(n=282) Male

(65-85 yrs) 2007|Shweta et al (n=238) MF, Edu 10+,2010|Singh et al

MF (n=100) (18-50) (Beck)2005|Mahapatra

et al, MF,(n=50)

(Exner) 2010|Kumar et al

(n=50) MF(Beck)

2005|

R|14.71|26.81|21.46|21.98|21.34|

W|40.11%|4.17|5.02|19.24%|NR|

D|52.01%|18.75|13.26|NR|NR|

D|1.97%|1.88|NR|NR|NR|

Dd|4.96%|1.01|2.02|3.85%|NR|

S|0.95%|0.99|0.84|7.83%|NR|

F|7.02|NR|NR|NR|NR|

M|0.98|3.21|2.02|6.65|7.90|

FM|3.63|NR|NR|NR|NR|

M|0.03|NR|NR|NR|NR|

FC|1.18|1.17|NR|NR|NR|

CF|0.84|0.85|0.72|NR|NR|

C|0.01|0.74|NR|NR|NR|

Fc|0.27|NR|0.44|NR|NR|

FK|0.58|NR|0.89|NR|NR|

C’|0.12|NR|NR|NR|NR|

H|1.56|3.89|3.08|NR|8.24|

Hd|0.29|NR|1.48|NR|NR|

A|8.00|NR|NR|NR|26.26|

Ad|0.23|NR|NR|NR|NR|

At|0.53|0.96|0.79|NR|3.92|

Sex|0.07|0.63|NR|NR|NR|

P|3.06|3.24|NR|17.37%|17.95|

F+%|55.39|59.72|40.02|75.24|63.11|

A%|56.02|37.17|46.30|NR|NR|

Rejection|NR|NR|NR|NR|NR|

*Most of the norms on Klopfer’s Method (which is not specified), otherwise Beck and Exner method where specified

Table 4

Rorschach Indices of Clinical Groups

Indices |Asthana

Schizo.MF,

(n-180)1963

|Dubey

Schizo.M,

(n=100) Army OR 1978|Dubey

Neurosis,M,

(n=100) Army OR 1978|Jain & Kumar

ADHD(n=111),MF, 6-11 Yrs (Beck)2005|Kumar et al

(n=50) MF

Manic (Beck)

2005|Misha et al

Mania, Adults MF (n=120)

Exner2010|Mahapatra et al,(n=50)MF,

Schizo.Adults, (Exner)2010|

R| 14.91|12.71|11.22|21.44|14.76|18.45|15.22|

W| 5.06|4.67|4.43|14.41|NR|5.73|30.77%|

D| 7.63|6.18|4.43|72.26|NR|8.65|NR|

d| NR|1.07|0.21|NR|NR|NR|NR|

Dd|2.22|0.15|0.02|13.27|NR|4.05|14.86%|

S| 2.30|0.20|0.13|1.64|NR|1.95|60.16%|

F| NR-|5.88|4.34|NR |NR|NR|NR|

M| 1.98|1.07|0.59|3.79|3.08|NR|1.03|

FM| NR|2.29|2.44|NR|NR|NR|NR|

m| NR|0.36|0.34|NR|NR|NR|NR|

FC| 1.33|0.43|0.44|4.28|NR|NR|NR|

Fc| NR|0.47|0.63|NR|NR|NR|NR|

FK| NR|0.15|0.29|3.98(V)|NR|NR|NR|

C’| NR|0.33|0.44|8.08(Y)|NR|NR|NR|

H| NR|1.01|0.73|15.02|9.11|NR|NR|

Hd| NR|0.72|0.35|3.60|NR|NR|NR|

A| 0.08%|4.47|4.51|NR|23.47|NR|NR|

Ad| NR|0.41|0.37|NR|NR|NR|NR|

At| NR|1.36|1.53|5.93|11.52|NR|NR|

Sex| NR|1.75|0.50|NR|NR|NR|NR|

P| 5.30|2.89|4.98|11.74|14.26|1.41|8.83|

F+%| 58.00|32.10|62.20|44.59|50.66|NR|43.70|

A%| 30.08|38.39|43.49|44.75|NR|NR|NR|

Rej| NR|NR|NR|2.59|2.15|NR|NR|

1*Most of the norms on Klopfer’s Method (which is not specified), otherwise Beck and Exner method where specified

2. Percentage is shown in parenthesis, 3. Jain and Kumar (2005) All indices except the Total Responses were converted into percent scores by taking Total Number of Responses as denominator for each indices.

Table 5

SIS-II Profile/Indices of Normal Groups

Indices

| Dubey

et al 22+MF,

Adults, Edu 12+(n=300) 1995|Dubey et al

Executives

(25-60 yrs)

(n=892)MF

2002|Dubey

Exec.Pub Sector (25-60 yrs) (n=400) MF, 2003|Singh & Dwivedi, MF,

(20-22yrs) Stu.

(n=100) 1998|Singh & Dubey

(13-62) MF

(n=480)

1999|Singh

(14-17yrs)

Stud., M F,Edu 9-11,

(n=700) 2009 #|

Total R|70.25 |68. 00|66.50|62.92|63.75|59.40|

Human Responses|14.20   (20)|18. 20|20.30 (30) |18.09|19.18 (30.09)|14.97 (25.00)|

Animal Responses|8.45   (12) |8.60|10.65   (16 )|7.53|7.63 (11.97)|7.89 (13.00)|

Anatomical Res.|11.40  (16)|12.80|11.80  (16 )|8.10|10.27 (16.12)|13.00 (22.00)|

Sex Responses|4. 20   (6) |3.15|3.30   (4 )|1.35|1.78 (2.79)|1.90 (3.00)|

Movement Responses|8.35|6.30|8. 35  |6.24|6.82|2.89|

Most Typical Resp.|14.55|14.80|14.55 |13.95|14.36|12.96|

Typical Responses|NR|32.00|40.00|NR|NR|21.86|

Atypical Responses|NR|9.00|9.00|NR|NR|4.26|

Rejection Responses|0.75 (1.00)|0.60 (0.85)|0.85 (1.00)|0.43|0.42 (0.68)|2.62 (4.30)|

PAS|0.6|0.5|0.4|0.13|0.15 (0.11)|0.52 (0.8)|

Dep|0.4|0.6|0.6|0.14|0.12 (0.19)|1.20 (2.00)|

HAS|0.5|0.4|0.5|0.11|0.15 (0.24)|2.03 (4.00)|

Paranoia|0.02|0.3|0.3|0.08|0.11 (0.17)|1.16 (2.00)|

Percentage is shown in parenthesis, # (Singh, 2009) subjects were asked to give only one response on each cards of SIS.

Table 6

SIS-II Profile/Indices of Normal Groups

Indices|Singh &

Dubey, M,1999

(13-62) (n=240)|Singh &

Dubey, F, (13-62 Yrs) (n=240)1999 |Rathee,2000

Army OR

M(n=100) |Chaudhury et al

2010, Adult MF

(n=100)|Mishra et al

2010 MF (n=50)

Adult 10+|

Total Responses|63.45|64.05|62. 16 |64.3|63.70|

Human Res.|19.08 (30.07)|19.28 (30.10)|19. 15 (31)|23.8|20.42|

Animal Res.|7.02 (11)|8.25 (12.84)|7. 70 (12) |7.2|7.02|

Anatomical Res.|10.49 (16.53)|10.05 (15.69)|12 .65 (20) |9.5|13.84|

Sex Responses|2.44 (3.85)|1.12 (1.75)|2. 68 (4) |6.0|3.46|

Movement Res.|6.23|7.41|4. 12 |7.3|7.10|

Most Typical Res|14.49|14.24|14. 17 |11.5|14.50|

Typical Res.|NR|NR| NR|25.4|30.20|

Atypical Res.|NR|NR|NR|13.8|19.68|

Rejection of Res.|0.41 (0.66)|0.43 (0.69)|5. 25 (8)|0.4|0.90|

PAS|0.06 (0.9)|0.07 (0.11))|NR|0.3|0.54|

Depression|0.08 (0.13)|0.14 (0.29)|NR|0.1|0.30|

HAS|0.12 (0.19)|0.19 (0.30)|NR|0.4|0.64|

Paranoia|0.09 (0.14)|0.12 (0.19)|NR|0.1|0.00|

Percentage is shown in parenthesis

Table 7

SIS-II Indices of Clinical Groups

Indices

|Dubey et al 1993, Army OR, eurosis

(n=100)M|Dubey et al

1993, Schizo

Army OR

(n=100) M|Rathee

2000.Army OR, (n=100)

M, Neurosis|Rathee

2000, Army

OR, Schizo

(n=100)M|Chaudhury et al 2010, M, Alcohol Depnt, (n=100)|Singh & Dubey,1997

Alcoholic, M, (n=50)|

Total Response| 58.90|56.65| 55.51(19.22)   |58. 26 (7. 32) |64.6|72.45|

Human Res.| 14.55 |16. 45 (29) |16. 34 (29) |16. 90(29 )|16.5|16.50|

Animal Res.|  NR|11. 85 (21)|7. 26 (13) |7. 35(13) |10.9|11.62|

Anatomical Res.| 21 |17. 35 (31) |11. 20 (20) |8. 98 (15) |13.4|14.15|

Sex Responses| 14.55 |5. 60 (10) |2. 02 (4)|1. 62 (3) |2.7|NR|

Movement Res.|  NR|8. 50 (15)|3. 81 (7) |4. 10 (7)|8.2|12.32|

Most Typical Res.| 10.20(17) |7. 75 (14) |11 .90 (21) |10 .8 (19) |9.0|13.22|

TypicalResp.| NR| NR|NR|NR|18.9|NR|

AtypicalResp.| NR|NR|NR|NR|17.3|NR|

Rejection Res.| 21|4. 30 (8)|13. 5 (22) |12. 53 (20)  |0.6|10.50|

PAS| NR|NR|NR|NR|0.5|NR|

Dep| NR|NR|NR|NR|0.7|NR|

HAS| NR|NR|NR|NR|0.5|NR|

Paranoia| NR|NR|NR|NR|0.2|NR|

NB: Percentile is shown in parenthesis

Table 8

SIS-II Indices of Clinical Groups

Indices

|Chaudhury et al, 2009, M, LL Fracture, (n=100)|Chaudhury et al, 2009, M,

UL Fractures (n=100) |Alreja et al,

Ment.Ret.

(n=30) MF

2009|Mishra et al 2010,(n=50)

Epilepsy, MF, Edu 10+,|Singh &

Dubey, 1997

Drug depen.

(n=50) Male|Mishra et al, 2010, MF,

Epileptic, (n=50) |

Total R|63.6|62.4|47. 90|55.34|64.62|55.34|

Human Resp.|16.1|21.5|13. 00|14.10|16.31|14.10|

Animal Resp.|6.8|9.9|19.00|6.24|12.66|6.24|

Anatomical Res.|10.2|13.6|3.20|15.74|13.85|15.74|

Sex Resp.|2.1|1.2|. 00|1.98|NR|1.98|

Movement Res.|1.2|1.7|. 70|2.20|9.56|2.20|

Most Typi. Res.|5.0|6.7|4. 00|8.24|11.65|8.24|

TypicalResp.|16.3|18.4|12.33|23.12|NR|23.12|

Atypical Resp.|45.2|42.7|31.73|24.82|NR|24.82|

Rejection|0.17|0.19|16.07|6.94|2.80|6.94|

PAS|NR|NR|.47|4.56|NR|4.56|

Dep|NR|NR|2.30|2.08|NR|2.08|

HAS|NR|NR|0.40|0.90|NR|0.90|

Paranoia|NR|NR|.67|0.32|NR|0.32|

Percentage is shown in parenthesis, ULF(Upper Limb Fracture), LLF(Lower Limb Fracture)

Table 9

SIS-I Profile/Indices of Normal Groups

Indices

|Kandhari et al, 2010

MF (N=210)

18-45 Yrs|Jain &

Kumar,2005

(n=113)MF,

6-11 Yrs|Kumar

MF (20-45)

(n=100)2007|Kumar

MF 6-12 Yrs

(n=100)2007|Kumar et al MF Adults (n=100)

18-50 Yrs,2010|Dubey &

Dubey, 2010

M,Police, (n=50)

|

Total R|39.00|37.41|40.01|37.24|36.11|24.58|

Human Res.|7.04|17.54|18.53%|17.91%|15.20%|1.96|

Animal Res.|11.53|31.15|28.25%|30.74%|32.55%|1.32|

Anatomical |6.79|12.99|17.12%|13.40%|15.23%|2.86|

Sex Res.|NR|0.12|NR|NR|NR|1.63|

Movement Res.|2.21|2.74|6.25|2.59|4.93|1.30|

Most Typical Res|6.02|5.58|13.88%|5.69%|13.10%|2.60|

Typical Res.|NR|59.61|72.54%|61.45%|62.50%|4.39|

Atypical Res.|NR|34.61|15.95%|32.37%|24.57%|1.21|

Rejection|0.24|1.65|0.28%|1.86%|0.60%|2.12|

PAS|NR|NR|NR|NR|NR|3.60|

Dep|NR|NR|NR|NR|NR|1.54|

HAS|NR|NR|NR|NR|NR|4.30|

Paranoia|NR|NR|NR|NR|NR|1.41|

1. Percentage is shown in parenthesis, 2. Jain and Kumar (2005) All indices except the Total Responses were converted into percent scores by taking Total Number of Responses as denominator for each indices.3. Kandhari et al (2010), Kumar (2003) and Mahapatra (2009) Ph.D. data pooled together.

Table 10

SIS-I Indices of Clinical Groups

Indices

|Jain & Kumar

ADHD, MF, (n=111)6-11 Yrs, 2005|Mitra et al

Heroin, M,

(n=98) 2000|Mitra et al

Br Sugar, M,(n=79) 2000|Mitra et al

Tidigesic, M,(n=70) 2000|Kumar et al MF,18-50,

Mania, 2010,

(n=100)|Kumar et al MF, 18-50,

Depression

(n=100) 2010|Mahapatra Schiz.MF,

(n=50) 2009|

Total R|35.66|NR|NR|NR|28.06|20.41|20.12|

Human Res.|16.78|4.89%|4.80%|5.33%|17.78%|11.29%|19.52|

Animal Res.|28.94|8.56%|11.80%|13.67%|27.32%|29.53%|23.62|

Anatomical|16.77|23.15%|23.60%|24.33%|21.14%|21.05%|20.02|

Sex Res.|0.14|11.04%|6.20%|13.67%|NR|NR|NR|

Movement|2.15|NR|NR|NR|1.45|2.34|4.18|

Most ypicalR|4.91|4.89|4.80|5.33|9.82%|16.69%|7.17|

TypicalRes.|46.26|14.93%|18.00%|13.67%|53.39%|50.53%|46.45|

Atypical Res.|47.44|18.11%|20.20%|18.67%|36.64%|32.24%|48.14|

Rejection|4.18|1.59|0|0|5.56%|14.07%|18.13|

PAS|NR|9.91|12.25|9.42|NR|NR|NR|

HAS|NR|5.16|5.48|4.50|NR|NR|NR|

Depression|NR|8.02|8.65|10.14|NR|NR|NR|

Paranoia|NR|2.56|2.63|2.71|NR|NR|NR|

1. Percentage is shown in parenthesis, 2. Jain and Kumar (2005) and Kumar(2010) All indices except the Total Responses were converted into percent scores by taking Total Number of Responses as denominator for each indices.

Diagnostic Indicators:

Before arriving on any diagnostic conclusion, consider the symptoms, case history, findings of psychological tests and other supporting factors. Many critics of Rorschach believe that diagnostic formulation on the basis of Rorschach indices must be confirmed by other measures (Dubey and Cassell, 2005). However, the diagnostic indicators collected from the findings of various studies are given ahead. As such it is difficult to say that how many indices from a group should be present to make a diagnosis.

Psychosis:

Low total number of responses

Low shape appropriate responses (F+ %)

Low most frequent responses (P)

Confused sequence

Color Naming

Perseveration

Variable RT

Confabulation

Contamination

Multiple card rejection

PO responses

Stereotype

P failure on Card-V

Bizarre responses

Personal reference

Schizophrenia:

Low shape appropriate responses (F+ %)

High CF responses

Absence of or Low most frequent responses (P)

P failure on Card-V

Multiple Card rejection

Multiple response rejection

Confabulation

Contamination

Bizarre responses

Confused Sequence

PO responses

Card description

Color naming

Variable RT

Disease percepts

Perseveration

Stereotype

Personal reference

Many sex responses

Edging

Mono-response protocol

Paranoid Schizophrenia:

High W or Dd

Very high human action (M) responses

Few Chromatic Color responses

High White Background Areas (S %)

High human content

High part objects like teeth, eyes

Looking at the back of the card

Hidden percepts

Pseudo-human percepts

Multiple Card Rejection

Complete Rejection

Personal Reference

Mania:

Very high total number of responses

High human action (M)

Quick RT1

High color responses

High Black & White (Y) responses

Extratensive EB

High affective ratio (more than .80)

Flower contents

Wide content range

High religious content

More and rapid responses to color blot areas

New and additional responses in enquiry

Response replacement

Psychoneurosis:

Average or above average F+ %

Average most frequent responses

Black & White response

3 Dimensional responses

Tactile (Fc) responses

Color shock or shading shock

Depression:

Delayed RT

Low total number of responses

Low White Background Areas (S%)

High Black and White responses

High internal organs

Low human action (M)

High animal responses (A %)

Low total blot area (W)

Narrow content range

Tendency to reject cards

Dissociative Reaction:

Shape inappropriate internal organ responses high

High sex responses

Low total number of responses

Extratensive EB

Low human content

Low human movement (M)

High Color-Form (CF) responses

Card rejections – VI, VII, IX

Card descriptions

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder:

High total number of responses

Dd dominated approach

High human action (M)

High White Background Areas (S %)

High F+ %

Low C or CF

Average or high Popular responses (P)

Anxiety Disorder:

Low total number of responses

High Dd responses

Average F+%

Frequent and rapid card turning

Shading shock or color shock

Average of Popular responses (P)

Card rejection – IX

Organic Disorder:

Total number of responses less than 15

Response time is more than 60 seconds

Low M (one or no M)

Low F+%

Low P

FC not more than one

Pure C or CF responses

Color naming

Perseveration

Confabulation

Impotence

Automatic phrases

Perplexity

Difficulty in finding the Words

Repetition of the response

PO responses

Epilepsy:

Low A%

High R

Delayed RT

Low F+%

M- Responses

Pure C responses

Confabulation

Confused sequence

Perseveration

Stereotype

Many sexual responses

Exner (2003) has also suggested the following Index helpful in diagnosing various clinical disorders.

Perceptual Thinking Index (PTI):

● X-% > .29

The XA% is the ratio of all Form Quality +, o, and u divided by the number of R. The WDA% is the sum of all Form Quality +, o, and u for W and D location responses only, divided by total R given to W and D locations.

Score 4: indicates disturbed cognitive processes, 5: Schizophrenic processes and 6: strong indicator of Schizophrenia.

DEPI (Depression Index):

Score 0-4: Low signs of depression, 5:sSome signs of depression and 6-7 strong affective problems

CDI (Coping Deficit Index):

Score of 4 or 5 may indicate that the person is poorly coping with world.

SCON (Suicide Potential):

● MOR > 3

● es > EA

● CF+C > FC

● X+% < .70

● S > 3

● P < 3 OR > 8

● Pure H < 2

● R < 17

Score 8: indicates 74% suicide cases, 12% depressives, 6% schizophrenics.

Score 7: indicates 84% suicide cases, 31% depressives, 19% schizophrenics,

Hypervigilance index (HVI):

Based on variables associated with paranoia, 85% of paranoids were positive on at least four of the five.

● (2) Zf >12

● (3) Zd >+3.5

● (4) S >3

● (8) Cg>3

Check positive if condition 1 is true and at least 4 of the others conditions are true.

OBS (Obsessive Style Index):

This index taps obsessive, perfectionist, methodical thinking and problem-solving.

● Dd > 3

● Zf > 12

● Zd > +3.0

● Popular > 7

● FQ+ > 1

Positive if: all five are true OR 2+ are true and FQ+ > 3 OR 3+ are true and X+% > .89 OR FQ+ > 3 and X+% > .89